Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Pregnancy can influence the course of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in women who already have retinal disease before conception. The risk of progression depends on factors such as the severity of retinopathy at conception, duration of diabetes, blood-glucose control, and blood pressure. Pregnancy itself does not mean that a woman will necessarily develop diabetic retinopathy. However, because progression can…



